Widespread immunization is one of the most important public health achievements of the 20th century. It offers safe and effective protection against infectious diseases.
A doctor can determine which vaccines are appropriate for an individual based on age, lifestyle, gender and travel destinations.
Tetanus and diphtheria: Shots should be administered every 10 years throughout adulthood, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Chickenpox: Can be life-threatening in adults. Any adult who did not previously receive the vaccine or have chickenpox as a child should be immunized now.
Hepatitis A: Shots are important for men who have sex with men, intravenous street drug users, and travelers to Central or South America and other foreign countries.
Hepatitis B: A disease of the liver which can stay in the system for years without detection. It is spread by blood contact, sex with an infected person and by needle sticks. This vaccine series is standard for most people.
Human papillomavirus (HPV): Infects cervical cells and can lead to cervical cancer. Recommended for all preteens at ages 11 or 12, but can be administered in young adults up to age 26.
Influenza: Annual shots are advised for all who want to avoid the flu and its possible complications.
Shingles: Painful condition caused by the chickenpox virus, which can remain in the system after childhood infection. Adults over age 60 should be immunized.
Meningococcal: Provides protection against bacteria that can cause meningitis, which can be fatal. Spread by coughing, kissing and sharing eating utensils. College students and military recruits should be immunized.
Measles, mumps, German measles (rubella) and whooping cough: Most children receive these vaccines, but check with your doctor if you aren't sure about your vaccine status or whether you're due for booster shots
. Get if you are a student, work in a hospital or travel internationally.
Polio: Can lead to paralysis. Those who travel to areas with outbreaks should get polio shots.
Pneumonia: Get immunized if you have a weakened immune system or are over age 65.