Sometimes a formation of a bunion is not your fault. They often occur because of a hereditary tendency for foot pronation.
Pronation occurs when, as a person walks, the ankle rotates internally and the forefoot rotates externally. Pronation causes an abnormal pull on the foot's tendons and bones, say doctors of Orthopaedic Surgery at Johns Hopkins Medical Centers.
Sometimes formation of a painful bunion is your fault. Narrow or poorly-fitting shoes play a role by pushing toes into an abnormal position and putting pressure on toe joints.
High-heeled shoes are often the cause, but shoes that are too small or too narrow can create the problem for both men and women. People don't realize that, over time, feet grow larger as ligaments loosen and arches flatten somewhat.
Here's a test for the correct size. Stand barefoot on the floor and have someone draw an outline of your foot. Then put your shoe on the outline. If your foot is larger than the shoe, you are wearing the wrong size.
New shoes may relieve bunion pain, but doctors may prescribe custom-made orthotics that fit in shoes and prevent the foot from overpronating.
To relieve any pain and swelling, take an anti-inflammatory such as ibuprofen. Elevate the feet whenever possible, and avoid high-impact exercise such as running. Walking, water aerobics or stationary biking are better choices.
Bunions will never go away, but most people find relief through conservative treatments. If pain continues, a one-hour outpatient surgery can be recommended.
