Potato peels are one food waste that should almost never be run though a garbage disposal. Thin peelings can literally slip between the disposal blades and get stuck in the trap, the U-shaped pipe the connects to the disposal. The peelings will quickly clog the drain. A plunger probably won't work to get them out. The only way is to take off the trap and fish out the peelings.
Potatoes also can generate a starchy plug that can flow out of the trap into the wall pipe. At that point you'll likely need a plumber's drain snake (auger), according to hunker.com.